Key Legislation and Policy Approvals
Here are the major Somali related Acts, Bills, and policies that have been formally approved or enacted by the Cabinet, Parliament, or both at the federal level
Somali education-related Acts, Bills, and policies
| Title / Law / Policy | Approved By | Type | Status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Somali Education Act (General Education Act) | Federal Parliament | Law | In force | |
| National Higher Education Bill | Federal Parliament | Law | Passed (2024/2025) | |
| National Education Bill (2014 draft) | Cabinet (then to Parliament) | Bill | Historical Cabinet pass | |
| Somali Teachers’ Policy | Cabinet | Government Policy | Approved | |
| Accelerated Basic Education Policy | Cabinet / MoE | Government Policy | Approved | |
| National Education Policy | Cabinet / MoE | Government Policy | Approved |
Business-Related Acts and Policies (Somalia)
| Law / Regulation | Passed By | Status | Scope |
|---|---|---|---|
| Somalia Companies Act (2019) | Federal Parliament | In force | Corporate formation & governance |
| Foreign Investment Law (Draft) | Cabinet → Parliament | Under consideration | Foreign investment framework |
| Company Law Regulations | Minister / Cabinet | Implementing law | Licensing & compliance rules |
| Public Procurement, Concessions & Disposal Act | Cabinet Toward Parliament | Cabinet approved | Govt procurement & business contracts |
| Labour Code (1972) | Historical law | In force | Employment & business labour standards |
| Data Protection Act (2023) | Federal Parliament | In force | Data privacy & digital compliance |
| Provisional Constitution (2012) | Supreme Law | Foundation | All legal & business laws |
Key Somali Health Laws & Policies
| Title / Framework | Type | Approved By | Status / Scope |
|---|---|---|---|
| Constitution – Right to Health | Constitutional Provision | Parliament / Ratified | Foundational health right |
| Medicine (Pharmaceutical) Bill (2026) | Law | Federal Parliament | Regulates medicines & pharmaceuticals |
| NHPC Act (National Health Professionals Council) | Law | Federal Parliament | Health workforce & professional regulation |
| National Health Policy (2014) | Government Policy | Cabinet / Ministry | Health system guidance & priorities |
| NMRA Regulatory Framework | Regulation | Cabinet / Ministry | Medicines & medical product regulation |
| National Tobacco Control Law (2026) | Law | Federal Parliament | Tobacco regulation for public health |
Key Somali Finance Laws & Policies
| Law / Regulation / Policy | Authority | Status | Scope |
|---|---|---|---|
| Public Finance Management Act | Parliament | In force | Public budgeting & fiscal discipline |
| Central Bank Act | Parliament | In force | Monetary policy & financial system oversight |
| Financial Institutions Law (+ Amendment) | Parliament / Presidential assent | In force | Banking & financial institution regulation |
| Revenue Act | Parliament | In force | Tax revenues & administration |
| Customs Act | Parliament | In force | Trade duties & customs procedures |
| Statistics Act | Parliament | In force | National data & statistics |
| Public Procurement Act | Parliament | In force | Procurement & public contracting |
| PFM Regulations | MoF/Cabinet | Enforced | Rules under PFM Act |
| Targeted Financial Sanctions Law | Pending / Draft | Submitted to Parliament | Asset freezing & financial crime |
| AML/CFT Act | Parliament | In force | Financial crime enforcement |
| Central Bank Policies | CBS / Gov’t | Active | Regulatory guidance & implementation |
Somali Agriculture Law / Regulation / Policy
| Law / Policy | Type | Approval Level | Key Focus |
|---|---|---|---|
| Provisional Constitution (2012) | Law | Parliament | Land & resource rights |
| National Agricultural Policy | Policy | Cabinet | Food security & farming |
| Agriculture Sector Strategic Plan | Strategy | Government | Implementation & planning |
| National Land Policy | Policy | Cabinet | Land tenure & access |
| Livestock Sector Policy | Policy | Government | Pastoral & animal health |
| Fisheries Law (2019) | Law | Parliament | Fisheries & food systems |
| Climate Change Policy | Policy | Cabinet | Climate-smart agriculture |
| Water Resources Policy | Policy | Government | Irrigation & water use |
Somali Communications Law / Regulation / Policy
| Law / Policy | Type | Approval Level | Key Focus |
|---|---|---|---|
| Provisional Constitution (2012) | Law | Parliament | Expression & information rights |
| National Communications Act (2017) | Law | Parliament | Telecom & internet regulation |
| Spectrum Regulations | Regulation | NCA | Frequency management |
| Media Law (2016) | Law | Parliament | Media practice & ethics |
| Mobile Money Communication Rules | Regulation | CBS / NCA | Digital financial comms |
| Data Protection Act (2023) | Law | Parliament | Data & digital privacy |
| Cybersecurity Policy / Draft Law | Policy / Draft | Government | Online safety |
| National ICT Policy | Policy | Cabinet | ICT & digital development |
Somali Security Laws, Regulations & Policies
| Law / Policy | Type | Approval Level | Key Focus |
|---|---|---|---|
| Provisional Constitution (2012) | Law | Parliament | National security & sovereignty |
| National Security Architecture | Framework | Gov’t & FMS | Force coordination |
| NISA Law | Law | Parliament | Intelligence & counter-terrorism |
| Police Force Law | Law | Parliament | Public order & policing |
| SNA Law | Law | Parliament | Armed forces governance |
| Anti-Terrorism Law | Law | Parliament | Terrorism prevention |
| AML/CFT Act | Law | Parliament | Terrorist financing |
| Cybersecurity Policy | Policy / Draft | Government | Digital security |
| Stabilization Policies | Policy | Government | Post-conflict security |
| SSR Framework | Policy | Cabinet | Security reform |
Somali Laws, Regulations & Policies – Independent Public Institutions
| Institution | Legal Instrument (Law / Regulation / Policy) | Approval Authority | Legal Status | Core Mandate |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| National Identification and Registration Authority (NIRA) | NIRA Establishment Law | Federal Parliament | Approved / In force | National ID system, civil registration, digital identity governance |
| Somali Bureau of Standards (SOBS) | SOBS Act | Federal Parliament | Approved / In force | Standardization, quality infrastructure, certification, conformity assessment |
| National Communications Authority (NCA) | National Communications Act (2017) | Federal Parliament | Approved / In force | Telecom, internet, spectrum regulation, licensing |
| Central Bank of Somalia (CBS) | Central Bank of Somalia Act | Federal Parliament | Approved / In force | Monetary policy, banking supervision, financial stability |
| National Health Professionals Council (NHPC) | NHPC Act | Federal Parliament | Approved / In force | Licensing and regulation of health professionals |
| Somali Electricity Authority (SEA) | Electricity Act / Energy Regulatory Framework | Federal Parliament | Approved / In force | Regulation of electricity generation, distribution, tariffs, and licensing |
| **Somali Petroleum Authority (SPA) | Petroleum Law | Federal Parliament | Approved / In force | Regulation of upstream petroleum exploration and production |
| National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) | Statistics Act | Federal Parliament | Approved / In force | Official national statistics and data governance |
| National Independent Electoral Commission (NIEC) | Electoral Law | Federal Parliament | Approved / In force | Management and supervision of elections |
| Anti-Corruption Commission (ACC) | Anti-Corruption Law | Federal Parliament | Approved / In force | Corruption prevention, investigation, and oversight |
| Office of the Auditor General (OAG) | Constitution / Audit Law | Federal Parliament | Approved / In force | Independent audit of public finances |
| Financial Reporting Center (FRC) | AML/CFT Act | Federal Parliament | Approved / In force | Financial intelligence and AML/CFT oversight |
| Somali Disaster Management Agency (SoDMA) | Disaster Management Law | Federal Parliament | Approved / In force | Disaster preparedness, response, and resilience |
| National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) | Human Rights Commission Bill | Parliament | Pending / Not yet operational | Promotion and protection of human rights |
| Judicial Service Commission (JSC) | Constitutional provisions / Enabling law | Parliament | Partially operational / evolving | Judicial appointments, discipline, independence |
