Economic Costs and Indicators in Somalia
Somalia vs Ethiopia: Reported Airspace Revenue
Reported revenue generated from aircraft using the airspace of Somalia and Ethiopia in 2025.
| Country | Reported Airspace Revenue |
|---|---|
| Ethiopia | ≈$24.5 million |
| Somalia | $19.9 million |
Key finding: Ethiopia reported approximately $4.6 million more airspace revenue than Somalia.
Period note: Somalia – calendar year 2025; Ethiopia – financial year ending in 2025.
Source: Somalia Ministry of Finance; Ethiopian Civil Aviation Authority
SRA publication date: 02/10/2026
Somalia Airspace Revenue
Revenue collected from fees paid by aircraft flying through Somali airspace.
| Year | Airspace Revenue |
|---|---|
| 2024 | $22.1 million |
| 2025 | $19.9 million |
Key finding: Somalia collected approximately $2.2 million less in airspace revenue in 2025, representing a decrease of about 10% compared with 2024.
Source: Federal Ministry of Finance, 2025 End-Year Budget Performance Report
SRA publication date: 01/10/2026
Seafood Export Tax Revenue
Full-year revenue collected by the Federal Government from taxes on seafood exports.
| Year | Seafood Export Tax Revenue |
|---|---|
| 2024 | $20,000 |
| 2025 | $30,000 |
Key finding: Seafood export-tax revenue increased by $10,000, equivalent to a 50% increase from 2024 to 2025.
Source: Federal Ministry of Finance, 2024 and 2025 End-Year Budget Performance Reports
SRA publication date: 23/09/2026
Government Revenue from Court Filing Fees
Fees collected from cases or legal documents filed in court.
| Year | Court Filing Fee Revenue |
|---|---|
| 2024 | $1.03 million |
| 2025 | $990,000 |
Key finding: Government revenue from court filing fees decreased by approximately 4.1%, with about $40,000 less collected in 2025 than in 2024.
Source: Federal Ministry of Finance, 2024 and 2025 End-Year Budget Performance Reports
SRA publication date: 28/09/2026
Agricultural Export Tax Revenue
Full-year revenue collected by the Federal Government from taxes on agricultural exports.
| Year | Agricultural export-tax revenue |
|---|---|
| 2024 | $434,889 |
| 2025 | $165,527 |
Key finding: Agricultural export-tax revenue decreased by approximately 62%, with $269,362 less collected in 2025 than in 2024.
Source: Federal Government of Somalia, 2025 Annual Financial Report
SRA publication date: 27/09/2026
Seafood Export Tax Revenue
Full-year revenue collected by the Federal Government from taxes on seafood exports.
| Year | Seafood export-tax revenue |
|---|---|
| 2024 | $20,000 |
| 2025 | $30,000 |
Key finding: Seafood export-tax revenue increased by $10,000, equivalent to a 50% increase from 2024 to 2025.
Source: Federal Ministry of Finance, 2024 and 2025 Mid-Year Budget Performance Reports
SRA publication date: 23/09/2026
Government Revenue from Driving Licence Fees
Full-year revenue collected by the Federal Government from new and renewed driving licence fees.
| Year | Driving licence-fee revenue |
|---|---|
| 2024 | $970,000 |
| 2025 | $1,430,000 |
Key finding: Revenue from driving licence fees increased by 46.5%, from approximately $970,000 in 2024 to $1.43 million in 2025.
Source: Federal Ministry of Finance, 2024 and 2025 End-Year Budget Performance Reports
SRA publication date: 24/09/2026
Livestock Export Tax Revenue
Full-year revenue collected by the Federal Government from taxes on livestock exports.
| Year | Livestock export-tax revenue |
|---|---|
| 2024 | $150,000 |
| 2025 | $50,000 |
Key finding: Livestock export-tax revenue decreased by 64.9%, with approximately $100,000 less collected in 2025.
Source: Federal Ministry of Finance, 2024 and 2025 End-Year Budget Performance Reports
SRA publication date: 22/09/2026
Government Revenue from Passport Fees
Full-year revenue collected by the Federal Government from passport fees.
| Year | Passport-fee revenue |
|---|---|
| 2024 | Approximately $10.1 million |
| 2025 | Approximately $10.5 million |
Key finding: Passport-fee revenue increased by 3.8%, with $381,468 more collected in 2025.
Source: Federal Ministry of Finance, 2025 Annual Report and Consolidated Financial Statements
SRA publication date: 27/09/2026
Ship Arrivals at Mogadishu Port
Number of ships arriving at Mogadishu Port during the first six months of each year.
| Year | Ship arrivals | Monthly average |
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 114 | 19 |
| 2026 | 120 | 20 |
Key finding: Ship arrivals increased by 5.3%, from 114 in 2025 to 120 in 2026.
Period: January–June
Source: Federal Ministry of Finance and IMF PortWatch
SRA publication date: 18/09/2026
Government Revenue from Mogadishu Port Fees
Full-year government revenue from Harbour Fees–Albayrak and Customs Harbour Fees combined.
| Year | Harbour Fees–Albayrak | Customs Harbour Fees | Total port-fee revenue |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | $28,200,000 | $7,070,000 | $35,270,000 |
| 2025 | $38,080,000 | $6,780,000 | $44,860,000 |
Key finding: Port-fee revenue increased by 27.2%, with approximately $9,590,000 more collected in 2025.
The figures are full-year actual revenue. The 2025 report records $38.08 million from Harbour Fees–Albayrak and $6.78 million from Customs Harbour Fees.
Source: Federal Ministry of Finance, 2024 and 2025 End-Year Budget Performance Reports
SRA publication date: 21/09/2026
Government Revenue from Visa Fees
Full-year revenue collected by the Federal Government of Somalia from visa fees.
| Year | Visa-fee revenue |
|---|---|
| 2024 | Approximately $8,260,000 |
| 2025 | Approximately $8,520,000 |
Key finding: Visa-fee revenue increased by 3.2%—about 3%—in 2025. The published figures are rounded, but they indicate an increase of approximately $260,000.
Source: Federal Ministry of Finance, 2024 and 2025 End-Year Budget Performance Reports
SRA publication date: 20/09/2026
Somalia–Türkiye Trade
Reported merchandise trade between Türkiye and Somalia, measured in US dollars.
| Trade Flow | Reported Value |
|---|---|
| Türkiye’s exports to Somalia | $317 million |
| Somalia’s exports to Türkiye | Below $2 million |
Key finding: Türkiye exports more than 158 times as much to Somalia as Somalia exports to Türkiye. The reported trade gap is more than $315 million.
Source: Somali Researchers Association (SRA)
SRA publication date: 15 May 2026
2026 Annual Budgets Across Somali Administrations
Approved or announced annual budgets of selected Somali administrations for 2026, measured in millions of US dollars.
| Administration | 2026 Annual Budget |
|---|---|
| Somaliland | $459 million |
| Puntland | $315.7 million |
| Banadir | $101.3 million |
| Jubaland | $69.1 million |
| Galmudug | $49.7 million |
| Hirshabelle | $44.4 million |
| South West | $39.1 million |
| North East | $15.0 million |
Key finding: Somaliland has the largest reported budget at $459 million, while North East has the smallest at $15 million.
Source: Respective administrations
SRA publication date: June 2026
Passenger Service Charges at Aden Adde International Airport
Passenger service charges for international departures and domestic flights from Aden Adde International Airport in Mogadishu, measured in US dollars.
| Flight Category | Passenger Category | Charge |
|---|---|---|
| International departure | Adults travelling on regional and other carriers | $70 |
| International departure | Adults travelling on global carriers, such as Turkish Airlines and Qatar Airways | $55 |
| International departure | Children under 12 | $30 |
| Domestic flight | Adults and children on all local flights | $7 |
Key finding: The international departure charge ranges from $30 to $70, while the domestic passenger charge is $7. Departure fees are automatically included in the airline ticket price; no cash payment is required at the gate.
Source: Somali Civil Aviation Authority, Aeronautical Information Publication (SCAA AIP)
SRA publication date: 14 July 2026
Household Electricity Prices in Selected Regional Cities
Reported household electricity prices in Mogadishu, Nairobi and Addis Ababa, measured in US dollars per kilowatt-hour.
| City | Price per kWh |
|---|---|
| Mogadishu | $0.41 |
| Nairobi | $0.16 |
| Addis Ababa | $0.024 |
Key finding: Electricity in Mogadishu is approximately 17 times as expensive as in Addis Ababa and about 2.6 times as expensive as in Nairobi.
Source: Somali Researchers Association (SRA)
SRA publication date: 17 July 2026
2026 Regional GDP Growth Projections
Projected real gross domestic product growth for Somalia and selected neighbouring countries in 2026.
| Country | Projected Real GDP Growth |
|---|---|
| Ethiopia | 9.2% |
| Kenya | 4.5% |
| Somalia | 2.6% |
Key finding: Somalia’s projected growth rate is the lowest among the three countries. Ethiopia’s projected rate is more than three times Somalia’s rate.
Source: International Monetary Fund (IMF)
SRA publication date: 20 July 2026
Approved Government Budgets for 2026
Approved national government budgets for Somalia, Ethiopia and Kenya in 2026, measured in US dollars.
| Country | Approved Budget |
|---|---|
| Kenya | $37.0 billion |
| Ethiopia | $14.7 billion |
| Somalia | $1.38 billion |
Key finding: Kenya’s approved budget is approximately 27 times Somalia’s budget, while Ethiopia’s is approximately 11 times Somalia’s budget.
Source: Respective governments
SRA publication date: 20 July 2026
Remittances and Food Imports in Somalia
Comparison of annual remittance inflows and the value of food imports in Somalia, measured in US dollars.
| Economic Flow | Reported Value |
|---|---|
| Remittances received | $2.0 billion |
| Food imports | $2.2 billion |
| Difference | $0.2 billion ($200 million) |
Key finding: Somalia spends approximately $200 million more on food imports than it receives in remittances.
Source: Somali Researchers Association (SRA)
SRA publication date: 12 August 2026
Khat Prices in Mogadishu
Reported retail prices for selected khat portions in Mogadishu, measured in US dollars.
| Khat Portion | Previous Price | Reported Price |
|---|---|---|
| Jad Marduf | $40 | $50 |
| Qayb | — | $25 |
| Rubac | — | $13 |
| Niic | — | $7 |
| Wab | — | $4 |
| Garabo | $1 | $1.50 |
Key finding: The price of Jad Marduf increased by $10, or 25%, while the price of Garabo increased by $0.50, or 50%.
Source: Somali Researchers Association (SRA), market-price observations
SRA publication date: 1 September 2026
Ship Arrivals at Mogadishu Port
Number of ships arriving at Mogadishu Port during the first six months of 2025 and 2026.
| Period | Total Ship Arrivals | Monthly Average |
|---|---|---|
| First six months of 2025 | 114 | 19 |
| First six months of 2026 | 120 | 20 |
Key finding: Ship arrivals increased by 5.3%, from an average of 19 ships per month in 2025 to 20 ships per month in 2026. Continued dependence on imported goods causes substantial amounts of money to leave the country.
Source: Somali Researchers Association (SRA), calculation based on reported port-arrival data
SRA publication date: 18 September 2026
Cost of Eating Out Across Somali Cities
Average cost of a basic restaurant meal consisting of a plate of rice, meat (suqar), and a soft drink in selected Somali cities.
| City | Average Meal Price |
|---|---|
| Mogadishu | $4.50 |
| Garowe | $4.20 |
| Hargeisa | $4.00 |
| Kismayo | $3.80 |
| Baidoa | $3.50 |
| Jowhar | $3.20 |
Key finding: Mogadishu had the highest average price at $4.50, while Jowhar had the lowest at $3.20. A basic meal cost $1.30 more in Mogadishu than in Jowhar.
Note: Prices are average estimates from ordinary restaurants and may vary by location, restaurant type and market conditions.
Source: Somali Researchers Association (SRA)
Date: 10/08/2026
Bajaj Drivers in Mogadishu – Key Findings
Selected working, education and income characteristics of Bajaj drivers in Mogadishu.
| Indicator | Finding |
|---|---|
| Working hours | 12–15 hours/day |
| Drivers with a bachelor’s degree | 22% |
| Daily income | $10–$15/day |
Key finding: Approximately 65% of surveyed Bajaj drivers own their vehicles, while 35% operate rented Bajajs.
Source: Somali Researchers Association (SRA), A Closer Look at Bajaj Drivers in Mogadishu-Somalia
How Bajaj Drivers Financed Their Vehicles
Sources of financing used by Bajaj drivers to purchase their vehicles, based on the SRA Bajaj Drivers Survey 2026.
| Source of financing | Percentage |
|---|---|
| Own money / family support | 81% |
| Bank loan | 19% |
Key finding: Most Bajaj drivers (81%) purchased their vehicles using their own money or support from family, while only 19% used bank loans.
Source: Somali Researchers Association (SRA), Bajaj Drivers Survey 2026
SRA publication date: 30/08/2026
Electricity Prices in Selected Somali Cities
Reported household electricity prices in selected Somali cities, measured in USD per kWh.
| City | Price per kWh |
|---|---|
| Mogadishu | $0.41 |
| Hargeysa | $0.55 |
| Laascaanood | $0.58 |
| Garoowe | $0.59 |
| Jowhar | $0.60 |
| Kismayo | $0.79 |
| Baydhabo | $0.90 |
| Dhuusomareb | $1.00 |
Key finding: Dhuusomareb recorded the highest reported price at $1.00/kWh, while Mogadishu recorded the lowest at $0.41/kWh.
Source: Somali Researchers Association (SRA)
Date: 23/02/2026
Household Tap Water Prices by City
Reported household tap-water prices in selected Somali cities, measured in US dollars per cubic metre (1 m³).
| City | Price per 1 m³ |
|---|---|
| Dhuusomareb | $1.50 |
| Mogadishu | $1.60 |
| Garoowe – Grade B | $1.60 |
| Baydhabo | $2.00 |
| Jowhar | $2.00 |
| Kismayo | $2.50 |
| Hargeysa | $3.00 |
| Garoowe – Grade A | $3.50 |
| Laascaanood | $4.00 |
Key finding: Household tap-water prices ranged from $1.50 to $4.00 per m³. Laascaanood recorded the highest reported price at $4.00, while Dhuusomareb recorded the lowest at $1.50. Water in Laascaanood was approximately 2.7 times the reported price in Dhuusomareb.
Source: Somali Researchers Association (SRA)
Date: 28/02/2026
Somali Shillings Out of the Market
Estimated value of Somali Shillings reported to be out of circulation/the market, with an approximate US dollar equivalent.
| Indicator | Reported Value |
|---|---|
| Somali Shillings out of the market | 70 billion So. Shilling |
| Amount in figures | 70,000,000,000 So. Shilling |
| Approximate USD equivalent | $2.26 million |
Key finding: Approximately 70 billion Somali Shillings, equivalent to about US$2.26 million, were reported as being out of the market.
Note: The flashcard states that these funds have no value, no backing and no legal tender status, describing this as lost value and a lost opportunity for the Somali economy.
Source: SRA
SRA publication date: 12/05/2026